Prof. Dr. Peter Wirtz, Madeira
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Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) granulatum Leuckart, 1828
Phascolosoma granulatum is a dipworm from the Phascolosomatidae family. It is found in shallow waters in the north-east Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
The body is robust and tapers towards the back. It has 12 to 60 tentacles that surround the mouth and the large nuchal organ. Below the oral disc is a swollen collar with up to 60 rings of curved hooks with broad triangular bases.
The surface of the trunk is covered with dome-shaped papillae (fleshy projections from the body wall) of different sizes, each with a dark ring. The largest papillae are often darker in color than the others.
The dipworm burrows into soft sediments such as muddy sand and gravel. It hides under rocks and in crevices and is often associated with the red crustose alga Lithothamnion. Reports that Phascolosoma granulatum occurs in the Indian Ocean are certainly a misidentification, as this probably refers to Phascolosoma stephensoni.
Splashworms are harmless scavengers. The English term "peanut worm" describes their appearance in a contracted state much better than the German term "Spritzwurm".
In general, the coloration and appearance of this species is very variable.
Synonymised names:
Dendrostomum huxleyii M' Intosh, 1866 · unaccepted (synonym)
Phascolosoma fasciatum Baird, 1868 · unaccepted (synonym)
Phascolosoma granulata [auctt. misspelling for granulatum] · unaccepted (Phascolosoma is a neuter genus,...)
Phascolosoma granulatum Leuckart, 1828 · alternate representation
Phascolosoma jeffreysii Baird, 1868 · unaccepted (synonym)
Phascolosoma laeve (Cuvier, 1817) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Phascolosoma lovénii Koren & Danielssen, 1876 · unaccepted (synonym)
Phascolosoma multitorquatum (Quatrefages, 1865) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Phascolosoma papillosum (Thompson, 1840) · unaccepted (spelling variation)
Phascolosoma verrucosum (Cuvier, 1817) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Phascolosomum granulatum Leuckart, 1828 · unaccepted (spelling variation)
Phascolosomum laeve (Cuvier, 1817) · unaccepted (spelling variation)
Phascolosomum papillosum (Thompson, 1840) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Phymosoma granulatum (Leuckart, 1828) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Phymosoma herouardi Hérubel, 1903 · unaccepted (synonym)
Phymosoma loveni (Koren & Danielssen, 1876) · unaccepted (spelling variation)
Phymosoma lovenii (Koren & Danielssen, 1876) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Physcosoma granulatum (Leuckart, 1828) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Physcosoma loveni (Koren & Danielssen, 1876) · unaccepted (spelling variation)
Physcosoma lovenii (Koren & Danielssen, 1876) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Siponculus levis Cuvier, 1817 · unaccepted (synonym)
Siponculus verrucosus Cuvier, 1817 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus (Phascolosoma) verrucosus Cuvier, 1817 · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Sipunculus (Phymosomum) multitorquatus Quatrefages, 1865 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus (Phymosomum) papillosus Thompson, 1840 · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Sipunculus flavus Risso, 1826 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus genuensis de Blainville, 1827 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus laevis Cuvier, 1817 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus papillosus Thompson, 1840 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus tigrinus Risso, 1826 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus tuberculatus de Blainville, 1827 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus verrucosus Cuvier, 1817 · unaccepted (synonym)
Syrinx papillosus (Thompson, 1840) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Phascolosoma granulatum is a dipworm from the Phascolosomatidae family. It is found in shallow waters in the north-east Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
The body is robust and tapers towards the back. It has 12 to 60 tentacles that surround the mouth and the large nuchal organ. Below the oral disc is a swollen collar with up to 60 rings of curved hooks with broad triangular bases.
The surface of the trunk is covered with dome-shaped papillae (fleshy projections from the body wall) of different sizes, each with a dark ring. The largest papillae are often darker in color than the others.
The dipworm burrows into soft sediments such as muddy sand and gravel. It hides under rocks and in crevices and is often associated with the red crustose alga Lithothamnion. Reports that Phascolosoma granulatum occurs in the Indian Ocean are certainly a misidentification, as this probably refers to Phascolosoma stephensoni.
Splashworms are harmless scavengers. The English term "peanut worm" describes their appearance in a contracted state much better than the German term "Spritzwurm".
In general, the coloration and appearance of this species is very variable.
Synonymised names:
Dendrostomum huxleyii M' Intosh, 1866 · unaccepted (synonym)
Phascolosoma fasciatum Baird, 1868 · unaccepted (synonym)
Phascolosoma granulata [auctt. misspelling for granulatum] · unaccepted (Phascolosoma is a neuter genus,...)
Phascolosoma granulatum Leuckart, 1828 · alternate representation
Phascolosoma jeffreysii Baird, 1868 · unaccepted (synonym)
Phascolosoma laeve (Cuvier, 1817) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Phascolosoma lovénii Koren & Danielssen, 1876 · unaccepted (synonym)
Phascolosoma multitorquatum (Quatrefages, 1865) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Phascolosoma papillosum (Thompson, 1840) · unaccepted (spelling variation)
Phascolosoma verrucosum (Cuvier, 1817) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Phascolosomum granulatum Leuckart, 1828 · unaccepted (spelling variation)
Phascolosomum laeve (Cuvier, 1817) · unaccepted (spelling variation)
Phascolosomum papillosum (Thompson, 1840) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Phymosoma granulatum (Leuckart, 1828) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Phymosoma herouardi Hérubel, 1903 · unaccepted (synonym)
Phymosoma loveni (Koren & Danielssen, 1876) · unaccepted (spelling variation)
Phymosoma lovenii (Koren & Danielssen, 1876) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Physcosoma granulatum (Leuckart, 1828) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Physcosoma loveni (Koren & Danielssen, 1876) · unaccepted (spelling variation)
Physcosoma lovenii (Koren & Danielssen, 1876) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Siponculus levis Cuvier, 1817 · unaccepted (synonym)
Siponculus verrucosus Cuvier, 1817 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus (Phascolosoma) verrucosus Cuvier, 1817 · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Sipunculus (Phymosomum) multitorquatus Quatrefages, 1865 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus (Phymosomum) papillosus Thompson, 1840 · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
Sipunculus flavus Risso, 1826 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus genuensis de Blainville, 1827 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus laevis Cuvier, 1817 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus papillosus Thompson, 1840 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus tigrinus Risso, 1826 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus tuberculatus de Blainville, 1827 · unaccepted (synonym)
Sipunculus verrucosus Cuvier, 1817 · unaccepted (synonym)
Syrinx papillosus (Thompson, 1840) · unaccepted (subsequent combination)
